![]() Some of these challenges include: (1) low electronic/ionic conductivity of S/Li 2S resulting in poor active material utilization (2) severe volume changes of sulfur (~78%) upon (de)lithiation causing physical contact losses and poor reversible redox (3) SSE degradation leading to the formation of less conductive interphases that increase interfacial resistance and hinder electron/ion transport in the S composite electrode and (4) lithium dendrite growth that causes short-circuiting and substantially diminishes battery lifetime as a result 3, 7, 8, 13. However, despite ongoing efforts, ASSLSB technology remains nascent, and several challenges prevent it from surpassing the specific energy capabilities of current LIBs and LSBs. All-solid-state configurations also eliminate the polysulfide shuttle effect, a phenomenon that is notorious for plaguing the development of liquid lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) 7, 8, 9.ĭue to their numerous advantages, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to the development of ASSLSBs, particularly using sulfide-based solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) because of their high room-temperature ionic conductivity and low mechanical moduli 10, 11, 12. ![]() Third, ASSLSBs replace the flammable liquid electrolyte with a non-flammable inorganic solid-state electrolyte (SSE), mitigating the thermal runaway concerns inherent to traditional liquid electrolyte-based batteries 5, 6. Second, the high specific capacity of sulfur (1672 mAh/g) and lithium metal (3860 mAh/g) offers a theoretical specific energy of 2600 Wh/kg, which is much higher than traditional LIBs 3, 4. First, ASSLSBs utilize abundant, evenly distributed, and cost-effective sulfur as the active material 3, 4. All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) have emerged as a promising energy storage solution because they possess several distinct advantages compared to traditional electrochemical energy storage systems such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The increasing number of countries committing to net-zero emissions has sparked a greater demand for economically feasible, highly energy-dense, and intrinsically safe energy storage systems 1, 2. Our findings provide crucial insights into the discharge products of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries and may offer a feasible approach to enhance their overall performance. This approach leads to all-solid-state cells with a Li-In alloy negative electrode that deliver a reversible capacity of 979.6 mAh g − cycles at 2.0 A g −1 at 25 ☌. Employing this insight, we propose an integrated strategy that: (1) manipulates the lower cutoff potential to promote a Li 2S 2-dominant discharge product and (2) incorporates a trace amount of solid-state catalyst (LiI) into the S composite electrode. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, we reveal that the discharge product of all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries is not solely composed of Li 2S, but rather consists of a mixture of Li 2S and Li 2S 2. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by an inadequate understanding of their discharge products. ![]() ![]() All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries offer a compelling opportunity for next-generation energy storage, due to their high theoretical energy density, low cost, and improved safety. ![]()
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